intent: find what graphics device OpenGL is using

command: glxinfo -B

explanation: Shows the OpenGL vendor, renderer, and version in a short summary.

shell: bash zsh fish

safety: safe-readonly


intent:
show which GPU Vulkan is using
see Vulkan driver info
check Vulkan renderer
find Vulkan device information

command: vulkaninfo --summary

explanation: Shows a concise summary of Vulkan devices and drivers.


intent:
list disks and partitions
show block devices
see drives and partitions
inspect storage devices

command: lsblk

explanation: Lists block devices such as disks, partitions, and mount points.


intent:
show disk free space
check filesystem usage
see disk usage by filesystem
how full are my disks

command: df -h

explanation: Shows filesystem size, used space, and available space in human-readable units.


intent:
show size of current directory
check folder size
how large is this directory
measure directory disk usage

command: du -sh .

explanation: Shows total size of the current directory.


intent: show biggest files under current directory

command: find . -type f -size +500M

explanation: Finds files larger than a given size.


intent:
find a file by name ignoring case
search for filename case insensitive
locate file by partial name
find matching filename

command: find . -iname '*pattern*'

explanation: Searches recursively for files whose names match a case-insensitive pattern.


intent:
search text recursively in files
grep through a project
find text in source tree
search contents of files fast

command: rg 'pattern'

explanation: Searches recursively for text, usually faster and cleaner than grep -R.


intent:
show open listening ports
list listening sockets
see what ports are open locally
check listening network services

command: ss -ltnp

explanation: Shows listening TCP sockets and associated processes when permitted.


intent:
find process using port 8080
see what is listening on a port
which program owns port 3000
identify service bound to port

command: ss -ltnp | grep ':8080'

explanation: Filters listening sockets to the requested port.

requires: ss grep


intent:
show IP addresses
list network interfaces and addresses
see local IPs
inspect interface addresses

command: ip addr

explanation: Shows network interfaces and assigned IP addresses.


intent:
show routing table
see default route
inspect routes
what route is this host using

command: ip route

explanation: Displays the kernel routing table, including the default route.


intent:
test network reachability
ping a host
check if a machine is reachable
see if DNS and network work

command: ping -c 4 example.com

explanation: Sends a few ICMP echo requests to test reachability and latency.


intent:
show HTTP headers
inspect response headers from a URL
check server response headers
see HTTP status and headers

command: curl -I https://example.com

explanation: Fetches only the response headers from a URL.


intent:
download a file from a URL
save URL to local file
fetch a file with curl
download file without browser

explanation: Downloads a file and saves it with the remote name.


intent:
show boot errors
inspect errors from current boot
check systemd errors since boot
look at boot logs

command: journalctl -b -p err

explanation: Shows error-priority messages from the current boot.


intent:
follow logs for a systemd service
tail service logs
watch logs from sshd
stream unit logs

command: journalctl -u sshd -f

explanation: Follows logs for a specific systemd unit in real time.


intent:
find a running process by name
check if process is running
search process list
locate process from command name

command: ps aux | grep '[n]ame'

explanation: Searches the process list while avoiding matching the grep process itself.

requires: ps grep


intent:
find process by name with pid
show pid for matching process
lookup running process and command line
find process quickly

command: pgrep -a name

explanation: Prints matching PIDs along with their command lines.


intent:
show memory usage
check RAM usage
how much memory is free
inspect memory consumption summary

command: free -h

explanation: Shows total, used, and available memory in human-readable units.


intent:
show top processes
inspect CPU usage live
watch system activity
interactive process viewer

command: top

explanation: Shows a live interactive overview of processes and resource usage.


intent:
make a script executable
add execute permission to file
chmod script so it can run directly
set executable bit

command: chmod +x script.sh

explanation: Adds execute permission so the file can be run directly.

safety: safe-modifying


intent:
extract a tar.gz archive
unpack tgz file
untar compressed archive
open tarball

command: tar -xvf archive.tar.gz

explanation: Extracts files from a tar archive; some users prefer -z explicitly for gzip.


intent:
create a tar.gz archive
compress a directory into tar.gz
make a tarball
archive files into gzip tar

command: tar -cvzf archive.tar.gz dir/

explanation: Creates a gzip-compressed tar archive from a directory.


intent:
check status of a service
see if systemd service is running
inspect service health
show systemctl status

command: systemctl status sshd

explanation: Shows service state, recent logs, and unit metadata.


intent:
restart a service
bounce systemd unit
restart sshd
reload service by restarting it

command: sudo systemctl restart sshd

explanation: Restarts a systemd service; usually requires root privileges.

requires: systemctl sudo

safety: privileged-modifying


intent:
find which package owns a file
what rpm provides this path
determine package for installed file
lookup file owner package

command: rpm -qf /path/to/file

explanation: Shows which installed package owns a given file; dnf provides can search repos too.

platform: linux fedora


intent:
search for a package in dnf
find package by name or description
lookup package in repositories
search repo packages

command: dnf search keyword

explanation: Searches package metadata in enabled repositories.


intent:
show git status briefly
check repo state
see changed files in git
short git status

command: git status --short

explanation: Shows tracked and untracked file changes in a compact format.

platform: linux macos


intent:
show concise git history
see commit graph briefly
inspect recent commits compactly
git log one line graph

command: git log --oneline --graph --decorate -n 20

explanation: Shows a compact decorated commit graph for recent history.


intent:
show files changed in last commit
list files changed by commit
see modified files from HEAD
inspect changed paths in commit

command: git show --name-only --oneline HEAD

explanation: Shows the last commit summary and the files it changed.


intent:
show failed systemd units
systemctl failed units
view systemd failed services

command: sudo systemctl list-units --state failed

explanation: Show all units systemd has in memory, filtering the failed ones.


intent:
clear failed systemd units
reset failed units in systemd
remove failed state from services
clear systemctl failed list

command: sudo systemctl reset-failed

alternatives: sudo systemctl reset-failed myservice.service

explanation: Clears the remembered failed state for units so they disappear from the failed list after the underlying problem is fixed.


intent:
show full systemd unit file
inspect systemd service definition
print merged unit contents
see drop-ins for a unit

command: systemctl cat sshd

explanation: Prints the unit file along with any drop-in configuration fragments.


intent: find the unit file backing a systemd service

command: systemctl show -p FragmentPath sshd

alternatives: systemctl show sshd | grep '^FragmentPath='

explanation: Shows the path to the primary unit file systemd loaded for the service.


intent:
show all systemd timers
list timers and next runs
inspect timer schedule
see timer units

command: systemctl list-timers --all

explanation: Lists active and inactive timers along with their next and last run times.


intent:
show slow boot services
find what delayed boot
systemd boot time breakdown
blame boot units

command: systemd-analyze blame

explanation: Lists units ordered by how long they took to initialize during boot.


intent:
show boot critical path
inspect boot dependency chain
find which boot units blocked startup
systemd critical chain

command: systemd-analyze critical-chain

explanation: Shows the dependency chain that determined the boot completion path.


intent:
show logs for service from current boot
limit service logs to this boot
inspect unit logs since reboot
journalctl unit this boot

command: journalctl -u sshd -b

explanation: Shows logs for a specific systemd unit only from the current boot.


intent:
show logs since an hour ago
filter journal by time range
inspect recent system logs
journalctl since time

command: journalctl --since '1 hour ago'

explanation: Filters the journal to entries newer than the specified time expression.


intent:
show kernel messages from current boot
inspect dmesg in journal for this boot
kernel logs since reboot
journalctl kernel current boot

command: journalctl -k -b

explanation: Shows kernel log messages for the current boot using the journal.


intent:
list logged in user sessions
show active logind sessions
inspect local seats and sessions
see who has sessions

command: loginctl list-sessions

explanation: Lists sessions known to systemd-logind, including remote and local logins.


intent: find which installed package owns a file on arch

intent: determine package for local file on arch

command: pacman -Qo /path/to/file

explanation: Queries the local package database to find which installed package owns the given file path.

platform: linux arch


intent: list files installed by a package on arch

command: pacman -Ql ripgrep

explanation: Lists every file installed by a package from the local package database.


intent: find which package provides a file in pacman repos

command: pacman -F rg

explanation: Searches the synced package file database for packages containing a matching file name or path fragment.


intent: search arch repositories for an exact file path

intent: find exact file path in pacman file database

command: pacman -Fx 'usr/bin/rg'

explanation: Uses the exact-match file database search, which is easy to forget but useful for full paths.


intent:
refresh pacman file database
update pacman file lists
make pacman -F work after sync
sync arch file database

command: sudo pacman -Fy

explanation: Refreshes the package file database used by pacman -F and pacman -Fx searches.

requires: pacman sudo


intent:
search installed packages on arch
find package by name in local pacman db
lookup installed pacman packages
search local package list

command: pacman -Qs keyword

explanation: Searches the local installed package database by package name and description.


intent: list explicitly installed packages on arch

command: pacman -Qe

explanation: Lists packages explicitly installed by the user rather than pulled in as dependencies.


intent:
list orphan packages on arch
show unneeded dependencies in pacman
find orphaned packages
pacman orphan query

command: pacman -Qdt

explanation: Shows dependency packages no longer required by any explicitly installed package.


intent:
discard unstaged changes in a file
restore file from HEAD
undo working tree edits in git
revert file changes not staged

command: git restore path/to/file

explanation: Restores the working tree copy of a file from the index or HEAD, discarding local unstaged edits.


intent: remove file from index without losing edits

command: git restore --staged path/to/file

explanation: Removes changes from the index while keeping the working tree edits intact.


intent:
create and switch to a new git branch
make branch and move to it
git checkout -b replacement
start new branch

command: git switch -c feature-name

explanation: Creates a new branch and switches to it using the modern git switch command.


intent:
remove deleted remote branches locally
fetch and prune remotes
clean stale remote tracking branches
git fetch prune

command: git fetch --prune

explanation: Fetches updates and prunes remote-tracking branches that no longer exist upstream.


intent:
show merged branches
find branches already merged
list safe-to-delete local branches
git merged branches

command: git branch --merged

explanation: Lists branches whose tips are already reachable from the current HEAD.


intent:
show git diff by changed words
inspect inline word changes
review textual edits compactly
git word diff

command: git diff --word-diff

explanation: Highlights additions and deletions at word granularity instead of full lines.


intent:
show git history for one file
inspect commits touching a file
trace file changes over time
git log path only

command: git log -- path/to/file

explanation: Limits git history output to commits that touched the specified path.


intent:
blame only certain lines in a file
find who changed a code region
git blame line range
inspect authorship for selected lines

command: git blame -L 10,30 path/to/file

explanation: Shows authorship information only for the requested line range.


intent:
see recent HEAD movements
recover lost git commit by reflog
inspect branch tip history
git reflog shortcut

command: git reflog -n 20

explanation: Shows recent updates to HEAD and branch references, useful for recovering lost work.


intent: show a file from another branch without checkout

command: git show main:path/to/file

explanation: Prints a file as it exists at a given commit, tag, or branch.


intent:
compare unique commits between branches
see what commits are not upstream
git cherry output
check branch divergence by patch id

command: git cherry -v origin/main

explanation: Shows commits in the current branch that are not yet represented upstream by patch equivalence.


intent:
print top level of git repo
find repository root path
where is this git worktree rooted
git project root

command: git rev-parse --show-toplevel

explanation: Prints the absolute path to the top-level directory of the current repository.


intent: see what build artifacts git clean would remove

command: git clean -ndX

explanation: Dry-runs cleanup of ignored files only, which is safer than deleting them immediately.


intent:
show staged files only
list files currently staged in git
see index file names
git diff cached names

command: git diff --cached --name-only

explanation: Lists file paths that are currently staged for commit.


intent:
find empty files
locate zero byte files
search for blank files recursively
find files of size zero

command: find . -type f -empty

explanation: Searches recursively for regular files with no content.


intent:
find broken symlinks
locate dangling symbolic links
search for dead symlinks
find invalid links

command: find . -xtype l

explanation: Finds symbolic links whose targets no longer exist.


intent:
find files modified in last day
search recent files
locate files changed recently
find by mtime

command: find . -type f -mtime -1

explanation: Finds files modified within the last day or other chosen time window.


intent: search for executable scripts and binaries

command: find . -type f -perm -111

explanation: Finds regular files where any execute bit is set.


intent:
list files containing text
show file names matching ripgrep search
find which files contain pattern
ripgrep files only

command: rg -l 'pattern'

explanation: Prints only the file names that contain at least one match.


intent:
list files that do not contain text
find files missing pattern
ripgrep inverse file list
show names of non-matching files

command: rg -L 'pattern'

explanation: Prints file names searched by ripgrep that did not contain a match.


intent:
search hidden files with ripgrep
include ignored files in rg search
ripgrep everything including binaries
search dotfiles too

command: rg -uuu 'pattern'

explanation: Disables ignore rules and hidden-file filtering; the extra u also searches binary files.


intent: handle filenames with spaces through xargs

intent: avoid breaking on whitespace in file names

command: find . -type f -print0 | xargs -0 ls -l

explanation: Uses NUL delimiters so file names with spaces, quotes, or newlines are handled safely.

requires: find xargs ls


intent:
sort sizes like 2K 10M 1G
human readable numeric sort
sort du output correctly
sort with size suffixes

command: sort -h

explanation: Sorts numbers that include human-readable suffixes such as K, M, and G.


intent:
sort version numbers naturally
order semantic versions
sort dotted numeric strings correctly
sort -V example

command: sort -V

explanation: Sorts version-like strings in natural version order rather than plain lexical order.


intent:
count duplicate lines
summarize repeated values in text
show line frequencies
uniq with counts

command: sort file.txt | uniq -c

explanation: Counts repeated adjacent lines, usually after sorting to group identical values together.

requires: sort uniq


intent:
print first colon separated field
extract usernames from passwd file
cut field by delimiter
show first column from delimited text

command: cut -d: -f1 /etc/passwd

explanation: Extracts a chosen field from delimiter-separated text.


intent:
print first whitespace field with awk
extract first column using awk
awk column example
show first word per line

command: awk '{print $1}' file.txt

explanation: Uses awk to print a selected field from each input line.


intent:
print only selected lines with sed
show lines 10 through 20
sed line range output
inspect subset of file

command: sed -n '10,20p' file.txt

explanation: Suppresses normal output and prints only the requested line range.


intent:
remove carriage returns from text
convert windows line endings in stream
strip CR characters
fix ^M in output

command: tr -d '\r' < file.txt

explanation: Deletes carriage return characters, which is useful for CRLF-normalizing streamed text.


intent: collapse newline separated values into csv style string

command: paste -sd, file.txt

explanation: Joins lines together using a chosen delimiter instead of keeping one per line.


intent:
compare two sorted files by line
show lines unique to either file
set difference between sorted lists
comm side by side comparison

command: comm -3 file1.txt file2.txt

explanation: Compares two sorted files line by line and shows lines unique to either one.


intent:
format text into aligned columns
pretty print table output in shell
align whitespace separated output
columnize text

command: column -t file.txt

explanation: Arranges input into aligned columns for easier reading.


intent:
rerun a command every second
monitor command output live
refresh command periodically
watch shell command

command: watch -n 1 'date'

explanation: Runs a command repeatedly and displays updated output on a schedule.


intent:
stop a command after 5 seconds
put time limit on shell command
kill hung command after timeout
run command with timeout

command: timeout 5s command

explanation: Runs a command with a maximum duration and terminates it if it exceeds the limit.


intent: save output to file while still printing it

intent: write command output to file and terminal

command: command | tee output.log

explanation: Copies standard output to both the terminal and a file.


intent:
show file permissions as octal
inspect mode bits numerically
get chmod-style permission number
stat file mode

command: stat -c '%a %n' file.txt

explanation: Prints the permission bits in octal form along with the file name.


intent:
resolve full real path of symlink
canonicalize file path
follow symlinks to final path
show absolute target path

command: readlink -f path/to/file

explanation: Prints the canonical absolute path after resolving symlinks.


intent:
compute sha256 checksum
hash a file for verification
generate sha256 digest
verify file integrity hash

command: sha256sum file.iso

explanation: Computes a SHA-256 digest for a file, commonly used for integrity checks.


intent: check if two files are identical quickly

command: cmp -s file1 file2

explanation: Compares two files byte-for-byte and stays quiet unless you check the exit status.


intent:
list files inside tar archive
inspect tarball without extracting
show tar contents
view archive members

command: tar -tf archive.tar.gz

explanation: Lists files stored in a tar archive without extracting them.


intent:
list files inside zip archive
inspect zip without extracting
show zip contents
view archive entries

command: unzip -l archive.zip

explanation: Shows the contents of a ZIP archive without unpacking it.


intent:
find process using tcp port
see what owns port 8080
identify listener by port with lsof
which program has this port open

explanation: Lists open files and network sockets associated with the requested port.


intent: identify process using tcp port with fuser

command: fuser -v /path/to/file

explanation: Shows which processes are currently accessing a file, directory, mount point, or port.


intent: show established tcp connections with processes

intent: list connected sockets and owning programs

command: ss -tp state established

explanation: Lists established TCP connections and, when permitted, the associated processes.


intent:
resolve a hostname quickly
show only dns answer value
dig concise output
lookup ip without headers

command: dig +short example.com

explanation: Performs a DNS lookup and prints only the answer records in a compact format.


intent:
download url quietly but fail on errors
curl for scripts with redirects
silent curl with http failure exit
common curl script flags

command: curl -fsSL https://example.com

explanation: Combines common scripting flags: fail on HTTP errors, stay quiet, show errors, and follow redirects.


intent:
test if tcp port is reachable
probe remote port quickly
netcat connection test
check open port on host

command: nc -vz example.com 443

explanation: Attempts a TCP connection and reports whether the port is reachable.


intent:
show network links briefly
list interfaces with short status
compact link state output
ip brief link

command: ip -brief link

explanation: Shows network interfaces and their state in a concise tabular format.


intent: check outbound interface for destination

command: ip route get 1.1.1.1

explanation: Asks the kernel which route, source address, and interface it would use for a destination.


intent:
query dns through systemd resolved
inspect resolver answer with resolvectl
resolve hostname using local resolver
systemd dns lookup

command: resolvectl query example.com

explanation: Queries the systemd-resolved service directly and shows the returned DNS records.


intent:
show environment variables sorted
inspect env in stable order
list shell environment alphabetically
printenv with sort

command: printenv | sort

explanation: Prints environment variables in sorted order, which is easier to scan and diff.

requires: printenv sort


intent: keep command running after terminal closes

command: nohup command >/tmp/command.log 2>&1 &

explanation: Starts a background process detached from the current terminal and captures its output.


intent:
list shell background jobs with pids
inspect current shell jobs
show job table in detail
jobs with process ids

command: jobs -l

explanation: Lists background jobs for the current shell, including process IDs.

shell: bash zsh


intent:
remove job from shell job table
let background job survive shell exit
disown current background process
detach shell job

command: disown %1

explanation: Removes a job from shell job control so the shell stops managing or warning about it.


intent:
show sizes of top level entries sorted
find largest directories here
summarize child disk usage and sort
du current dir sorted

command: du -sh -- * | sort -h

explanation: Shows human-readable sizes for top-level entries and sorts them from smallest to largest.

requires: du sort


intent: show mounted filesystems in aligned columns

command: mount | column -t

explanation: Formats the mount list into readable aligned columns.

requires: mount column


intent:
list loaded kernel modules
show active kernel modules
inspect module list
see loaded drivers

command: lsmod

explanation: Lists currently loaded kernel modules and their dependency counts.


intent:
show information about kernel module
inspect module parameters and file path
modinfo example
see kernel driver metadata

command: modinfo kvm

explanation: Shows metadata such as filename, description, parameters, and aliases for a kernel module.


intent:
show warning and error kernel messages
filter dmesg to serious messages
inspect kernel warnings only
dmesg levels

command: dmesg --level=warn,err

explanation: Filters kernel ring buffer output to warning and error severity messages.


intent:
show current sysctl value
read kernel tunable
inspect runtime kernel setting
sysctl get key

command: sysctl net.ipv4.ip_forward

explanation: Reads the current value of a kernel tunable exposed through sysctl.


intent:
list Linux namespaces
inspect container or process namespaces
show mount pid net namespaces
lsns overview

command: lsns

explanation: Lists namespaces currently present on the system and representative processes in them.


intent:
show current shell resource limits
inspect open files and process limits
see ulimit settings
print all resource limits

command: ulimit -a

explanation: Displays the current shell's resource limits such as open files, stack size, and process counts.


intent: inspect path permissions segment by segment

intent: debug missing execute bit in parent dirs

command: namei -l /path/to/file

explanation: Breaks a path into components and shows ownership and permissions for each segment.


intent:
show acl on file or directory
inspect extended permissions
see POSIX ACL entries
getfacl example

command: getfacl /path/to/file

explanation: Displays POSIX ACL entries when standard mode bits are not the whole story.


intent: terminate process using regex over cmdline

command: pkill -f 'python -m http.server'

explanation: Matches against the full command line instead of just the process name.


intent: show each card command and intents from cards.jsonl

intent: list cards.jsonl commands with joined intents

command: jq -r '.command + ": " + (.intent | join(", "))' cards.jsonl

explanation: Reads each JSON object in the JSONL file and prints the command followed by its intents on one line.


intent:
pretty print json with jq
format json nicely
indent json output
make json readable

command: jq . file.json

explanation: Parses JSON input and prints it in a readable, pretty-formatted layout.


intent:
extract one field from json with jq
print property value from json
show name field from json object
jq select field

command: jq -r '.name' file.json

explanation: Extracts a single field from a JSON object, with -r for raw string output.


intent:
filter json array objects by field
select objects matching property in jq
find active items in json array
jq map select example

command: jq '.[] | select(.enabled == true)' file.json

alternatives: jq '.items[] | select(.status == "ok")' file.json

explanation: Iterates over array elements and prints only the objects that match the filter expression.


intent:
print json in one line with jq
compact json output
minify json using jq
emit compact json objects

command: jq -c . file.json

explanation: Outputs compact JSON without extra whitespace, which is useful for pipes and JSONL-style streams.


intent:
show keys in json object
list property names with jq
inspect available top level fields
jq keys example

command: jq 'keys' file.json

explanation: Prints the key names present in a JSON object so you can see its available fields.


intent:
convert jsonl to a json array with jq
slurp newline json into array
wrap jsonl records in array
jq slurp multiple json objects

command: jq -s . cards.jsonl

explanation: Reads multiple JSON values from a JSONL file and returns them as a single JSON array.


intent:
construct a new json object with jq
pick only selected fields from json
reshape json into smaller object
jq object literal example

command: jq '{id, command, tags}' file.json

alternatives: jq '{name: .metadata.name, version: .metadata.version}' file.json

explanation: Builds a new object containing only the fields you want, optionally with renamed keys or nested lookups.


intent:
sort json array by field with jq
order objects by property value
jq sort objects by name
sort array entries in json

command: jq 'sort_by(.name)' file.json

alternatives: jq 'sort_by(.created_at) | reverse' file.json

explanation: Sorts an array of objects by the chosen field before printing the result.


intent:
count array items with jq
get length of json array
how many objects are in this json list
jq length example

command: jq 'length' file.json

explanation: Returns the number of elements in an array, or the number of keys in an object.